Validation record
Walk-forward and holdout results
The strategy is evaluated with rolling walk-forward analysis on XAUUSD.
Each iteration trains on 24 months of prior data and validates on the
following 12 months, stepped forward one year at a time and repeated
four times across 2020–2023. A window passes if profit factor is at
or above 1.0 and trade count is at least 10. Signals use only data
available at the time of decision.
Full methodology, gate definitions and reproducibility requirements are
published on the
validation methodology page.
Walk-forward windows, 2020–2023. Returns are gross of commission,
swap and slippage. A 3.0 pip spread is assumed. Pass threshold:
profit factor ≥ 1.0 and trade count ≥ 10, gross of costs.
| Window |
Validation period |
Trades |
Profit factor |
Result |
| 1 |
2020 |
18 |
3.424 |
PASS |
| 2 |
2021 |
6 |
0.796 |
FAIL |
| 3 |
2022 |
10 |
1.664 |
PASS |
| 4 |
2023 |
21 |
1.731 |
PASS |
Window 2 (2021) is retained in the record as a failure. It contained
six trades, five of them in January before the regime filter's moving
averages crossed. The failure is descriptive, not explanatory - we do
not claim to know why the window lost; we publish it and let the
record stand. The strategy is long-only on XAUUSD in the current
phase; other configurations are gated behind their own validation.
Profit factor by window
Profit factor is gross profit divided by gross loss. Three of four
windows clear the 1.0 breakeven threshold. Window 2 (0.796) does
not, and is retained in the record.
Methodology at a glance
Training
24 months rolling
Validation
12 months, unseen
Pass criterion
PF ≥ 1.0, n ≥ 10
Out-of-sample holdout (simulated)
2025
This period was not used in training or parameter selection. It is a
blind holdout backtest, not a live trading record. Returns are gross
of commission and swap.
Total return
+17.63%
44 trades, gross
Profit factor
1.899
Gross of costs
Monte Carlo
98.4%
Of 10,000 simulations profitable
Direction
Long only
XAUUSD
Methodology notes.
The Monte Carlo figure reports the fraction of 10,000 simulations with
positive terminal equity, where simulations permute trade order with
replacement. Trade-order permutation does not test for edge; it tests
sensitivity to sequence. Any positive-edge claim rests on the
walk-forward record, not on the Monte Carlo result. Buy-and-hold
XAUUSD over the same holdout period is a required comparison and is
being computed. Trial count for parameter selection across the current
strategy family will be disclosed alongside the benchmark.
Limitations and assumptions.
-
The backtest assumes a 3.0 pip spread. Commission, swap, slippage
and queue position are not modelled.
-
Research covers XAUUSD only. Other instruments require their own
independent validation before deployment.
-
Holdout figures are gross of costs and have not been independently
audited.
-
Sample sizes are small. 55 trades across four walk-forward windows
and 44 in the holdout period are insufficient for narrow
confidence intervals on any performance metric.
Risk disclosure.
Backtest and holdout results are historical, gross of costs, and do not
guarantee future performance. They cannot capture structural market
change or events outside the tested period. Trading involves risk of
loss. This material is research and does not constitute investment
advice.